Objective: To retrospectively analyze the treatment status of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in China. Methods: Data of chronic phase (CP) and accelerated phase (AP) CML patients diagnosed from January 2006 to December 2022 from 77 centers, ≥18 years old, and receiving initial imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib or flumatinib-therapy within 6 months after diagnosis in China with complete data were retrospectively interrogated. The choice of initial TKI, current TKI medications, treatment switch and reasons, treatment responses and outcomes as well as the variables associated with them were analyzed. Results: 6 893 patients in CP (n=6 453, 93.6%) or AP (n=440, 6.4%) receiving initial imatinib (n=4 906, 71.2%), nilotinib (n=1 157, 16.8%), dasatinib (n=298, 4.3%) or flumatinib (n=532, 7.2%) -therapy. With the median follow-up of 43 (IQR 22-75) months, 1 581 (22.9%) patients switched TKI due to resistance (n=1 055, 15.3%), intolerance (n=248, 3.6%), pursuit of better efficacy (n=168, 2.4%), economic or other reasons (n=110, 1.6%). The frequency of switching TKI in AP patients was significantly-higher than that in CP patients (44.1% vs 21.5%, P<0.001), and more AP patients switched TKI due to resistance than CP patients (75.3% vs 66.1%, P=0.011). Multi-variable analyses showed that male, lower HGB concentration and ELTS intermediate/high-risk cohort were associated with lower cytogenetic and molecular responses rate and poor outcomes in CP patients; higher WBC count and initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher response rates; Ph(+) ACA at diagnosis, poor PFS. However, Sokal intermediate/high-risk cohort was only significantly-associated with lower CCyR and MMR rates and the poor PFS. Lower HGB concentration and larger spleen size were significantly-associated with the lower cytogenetic and molecular response rates in AP patients; initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher treatment response rates; lower PLT count, higher blasts and Ph(+) ACA, poorer TFS; Ph(+) ACA, poorer OS. Conclusion: At present, the vast majority of newly-diagnosed CML-CP or AP patients could benefit from TKI treatment in the long term with the good treatment responses and survival outcomes.
目的： 回顾性分析国内初诊慢性髓性白血病（CML）患者接受酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）治疗现状。 方法： 回顾性收集来自中国27个省市自治区共77个中心自2006年1月至2022年12月期间确诊、年龄≥18岁、确诊后6个月内接受伊马替尼、尼洛替尼、达沙替尼或氟马替尼作为一线治疗且资料相对完整的CML慢性期（CP）和加速期（AP）病例。分析一线TKI选择、目前用药现状、药物转换及原因，接受TKI治疗反应、结局及其影响因素。 结果： 研究最终纳入6 893例接受伊马替尼（4 906例，71.2%）、尼洛替尼（1 157例，16.8%）、达沙替尼（298例，4.3%）或氟马替尼（532例，7.2%）作为一线治疗的成人CML-CP（6 453例，93.6%）和AP（440例，6.4%）患者。所有患者中位随访43（IQR 22~75）个月，共1 581例（22.9%）患者由于耐药（1 055例，15.3%）、不耐受（248例，3.6%）、为追求更好疗效（168例，2.4%）、经济或其他原因（110例，1.6%）换药。AP患者换药比例显著高于CP患者（44.1%对21.5%，P<0.001），且因耐药而转换治疗的比例也显著更高（75.3%对66.1%，P=0.011）。多因素分析显示，男性、低HGB浓度及ELTS评分中/高危组与CP患者较低的细胞遗传学、分子学反应获得率及较差的结局均相关，高WBC、一线接受第二代TKI治疗与较高的治疗反应获得率相关，初诊时携带Ph(+)附加染色体异常（ACA）与较差的无进展生存（PFS）相关，而Sokal评分中/高危组仅与较低的完全细胞遗传学反应、主要分子学反应获得率和较差的PFS相关；较低的HGB浓度和较大的脾脏与AP患者较低的细胞遗传学和分子学反应获得率相关，一线接受第二代TKI治疗与较高的治疗反应获得率相关，较低的PLT、较高的原始细胞比例和初诊时携带Ph(+)ACA与较差的无转化生存相关，初诊时携带Ph(+) ACA与较差的总生存相关。 结论： 目前，绝大多数的初诊CP或AP CML患者可长期获益于TKI治疗，获得较好的治疗反应及生存结局。.
Keywords: Leukemia, myeloid, chronic; Multi-centre; Real-world study; Treatment status; Tyrosine kinase inhibitor.